08/05/2025
There are two types of particles that make everything, bosons (force particles) and fermions (matter particles).
The matter particles are further split into matter commonly found inside atoms (quarks organized in groups of threes known as hadrons bound to a force particle known as gluon, the carrier of the strong nuclear force) and matter found commonly outside atoms (leptons, which are basically electrons of different weights).
The force particles include,
(a) Higgs Boson (one of the few superheavy parent particles that can decay into most other particles directly or indirectly, which glues to the particles it decays into via energy bonds, which forces or transfers mass to these particles decaying from Higgs per Einstein's E-mc2;
(b) W and Z Bosons (directly and indirectly decay from Higgs and Higgs-derived particles, responsible for the weak nuclear force, or commonly known as radiation, and the Higgs field that provides these bosons heavy mass via energy bonds is also responsible for forcing down quarks out of neutrons inside atoms, replaced by up quarks, which turn the hadron into a proton, which changes the type of atom in the periodic table of atoms. Here W Boson and a flux in the Higgs field is what "unglues" down quarks so that up quarks can change places, and radiation is released, and is a means from which light or Photon Bosons are generated);
(c) Gluon Boson (glues three quarks together to form a proton or neutron, also known as the strong nuclear force, because it also holds positively charged protons together, and where a residual nuclear force particle known as a pi meson also helps with the same, as do omega, and rho mesons, and where a meson is a gluon particle with a quark and antiquark pair bound by glue-like gluon);
(d) Graviton Boson (theorized, predicted, and measurable force carrier of the force of gravity, a force which attempts to glue particles with masses together, after they separate from and acquired mass transfer from the Higgs Boson decay and from the decay of Higgs-derived particles); and
(e) Photon Bosons (light particles, also known as electromagnetic force).
As we learn in primary school, there are different colors of light, which correspond to different frequencies of light or electromagnetic waves. As described to me by one mechatronics engineering instructor at Sierra College Mechatronics Program, light is composed of two waves that connect, each wave being made of the same particles, but one in a vertical plane (electric wave) and the other in a horizontal or perpendicular plane (magnetic wave), as illustrated in the rough below, where the blue wave is along the x and y axis, and perpendicular to that is the magnetic wave in red.
Aforementioned, there are different frequencies of light, as illustrated in the electromagnetic spectrum below.
EM Spectrum Properties edit - Electromagnetic spectrum - Wikipedia
Returning to the analogy that force particles like light or photons have glue-like properties, now consider that in the illustration of frequencies of light above, that purple and blue are the highest energy and temperature light frequencies with the shortest wavelengths relative to red, which is the lowest frequency and temperature of light, with the longest wavelengths of light.
If force particles are a type of glue that helps with gluing and unglueing (W Boson and Higgs Boson field unglue down quarks in neutrons resulting in light or gamma radiation, the highest frequency of light), then applying that analogy to the wavelengths of light above, a gamma photon or pure glue-like force particle here glues frequencies of light (including for all other colors in the visible light spectrum together into the color white, but as the Higgs field affects how the glue particles it creates behave or misbehave by fluxing or withholding flux (for example how W boson behaves in radioactive decay).
The particles in a prism or raincloud force split, unglue, or slightly or pull apart unglue white visible light, which is all of the different frequencies of light glued together, building on the analogy.
High school physics taught me that the single color of any object we see is the only frequency of light that is not absorbable by the particles composing that object.
Accordingly, to reconcile, the colors we see are born out of the likes of super small radioactive decay events (for example when Higgs field fluxes and causes W Boson and down quarks to misbehave or become instable, which produce gamma photons or glue like particles ... which allows us to see) -- which carry, glue, or bind all of the light frequencies together -- and when strongly held together, the visible spectrum appears white, and when less strongly held together, different frequencies of light escape, are no longer absorbed or incorporated, and/or are emitted for absorption or emission by other particle combinations is the reasonable inference and/or proposed analogy and/or process, given the glue-like nature of all of the force particles, which unlike the fermionic matter particles, are not half-spinning particles.
Research into particle physics seems to globally describe force particles as types of glue particles based on their not-half spinning, and non-Pauli Exclusion Principle, and continuous (versus discrete) statistics.
Higgs glues mass to massless particles via energy bonds that bind Higgs to the particles it decays into. These Higgs-derived particles directly and indirectly include most to all of the other known force particles, which also act as types of glue with varying strengths, each a different type of glue based on their distance away from a Higgs Boson. Gluon binds positively charged quark hadrons (groups of three) together, which increases the positive charge, which binds to and/or attracts electrons. W and Z Boson mediate the ungluing and gluing of a down quark for an upquark, resulting in photon bosons or light, which also seems to glue and unglue the different frequencies of lights emitted by photon particles with different frequencies of light.
Interestingly, photons in physics are treated as both a particle and a wave of light at the same time, and thus are representative of Einstein's E=mc2 equation, which equates the resting mass of particles to the energy waves in electron volts composing each mass, resulting in particle masses with units in electron volts divided by the speed of light squared, as illustrated below, where the mass of Higgs, for example, is 125 Gev/c2.
